1. Hepatojugular reflux akara
Mgbe obi mgbawa ziri ezi na-ebute mkpọchi imeju na ọzịza, imeju nwere ike iji aka pịnye ka ọ mee ka veins jugula gbatịkwuo. Ihe na-akpatakarị bụ nri ventricular insufficiency na congestion ịba ọcha n'anya.
2.Cullen akara
A makwaara dị ka akara Coulomb, ecchymosis na-acha odo odo-acha anụnụ anụnụ na akpụkpọ ahụ gburugburu eriri nwa ma ọ bụ mgbidi afọ dị ala bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke nnukwu ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime afọ, bụ nke a na-ahụkarị na hemorrhage retroperitoneal, nnukwu hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, wdg.
3.Grey-Turner akara
Mgbe onye ọrịa nwere nnukwu pancreatitis, ihe ọ juiceụ ụ pancreatic na-ejupụta n'ime oghere anụ ahụ dị n'úkwù na n'akụkụ, na-agbaze abụba dị n'okpuru, yana capillaries gbawara na ọbara ọgbụgba, na-ebute ecchymosis na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na akpụkpọ ahụ na mpaghara ndị a, nke a na-akpọ akara Grey-Turner.
4.Courvoisier akara
Mgbe ọrịa kansa nke isi nke pancreas na-akpakọba eriri bile nkịtị, ma ọ bụ kansa nke akụkụ etiti na nke ala nke bile duct na-akpata mgbochi, jaundice pụtara ìhè na-apụta. Ọkpụkpụ gall fụrụ akpụ nke bụ cystic, nke na-adịghị adị nro, nwere elu dị larịị ma nwee ike ịmegharị ya bụ ihe na-emetụ n'ahụ, nke a na-akpọ akara Courvoisier, nke a makwaara dị ka ihe mgbochi na-aga n'ihu nke bile duct. levy.
5.Peritoneal mgbakasị ahụ
Ọnụnọ dị nro nke nro, nkwụghachi azụ na mgbakasị ahụ nke eriri afọ na afọ ka a na-akpọ akara mgbakasị peritoneal, nke a makwaara dị ka peritonitis triad. Ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke peritonitis, karịsịa ebe ọnya mbụ dị. Usoro nke mgbagwoju anya nke eriri afọ na-adabere na ihe kpatara ya na ọnọdụ onye ọrịa. Ọnọdụ izugbe na-adịgasị iche, na mmụba nke afọ ime bụ ihe ịrịba ama dị mkpa nke ọnọdụ na-akawanye njọ.
6.Murphy akara
Ihe ịrịba ama Murphy dị mma bụ otu n'ime ihe ịrịba ama dị mkpa na nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ nke nnukwu cholecystitis. Mgbe a na-emegharị mpaghara gallbladder n'okpuru oke ọnụ ahịa aka nri, a na-emetụ eriri afọ ahụ fụrụ akpụ ma gwa onye ọrịa ka ọ kukuo ume. Gallbladder fụrụ akpụ na nke na-ere ọkụ kwagara ala. Onye ọrịa ahụ chere na mgbu ahụ na-akawanye njọ wee jide ume ya na mberede.
7.Mcburney akara
Adị nro na nkwụghachi azụ na McBurney's n'akụkụ aka nri ala afọ (njikọ nke umbilicus na n'etiti na mpụta 1/3 nke aka nri ihu elu iliac spine) na-emekarị na nnukwu appendicitis.
8.Charkot atọ
Nnukwu cholangitis suppurative cholangitis na-ebutekarị mgbu afọ, oyi, oke ahụ ọkụ, na jaundice, nke a makwaara dị ka Chaco's triad.
1) Ihe mgbu nke afọ: Ọ na-eme n'okpuru usoro xiphoid na akụkụ aka nri nke elu, na-emekarị colic, na ọgụ paroxysmal ma ọ bụ ihe mgbu na-adịgide adịgide na-eme ka paroxysms dịkwuo njọ, nke nwere ike ịgbanye n'ubu aka nri na azụ, na-esonyere ọgbụgbọ na vomiting. A na-akpalitekarị ya mgbe o richara nri nwere abụba.
2) Ụjọ na ahụ ọkụ: Mgbe mgbochi bile duct gachara, nrụgide dị n'ime bile duct na-abawanye, na-ebutekarị ọrịa nke abụọ. Bacteria na nsị nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ọbara site na capillary bile ducts na hepatic sinusoids, nke na-ebute ọnya imeju biliary, sepsis, septic shock, DIC, wdg, na-egosipụtakarị dị ka ahụ ọkụ dilatant, na okpomọkụ ahụ dị elu dị ka 39 ruo 40 ° C.
3) Jaundice: Mgbe nkume kpọchie bile duct, ndị ọrịa nwere ike ịmalite mamịrị odo odo na agba odo nke akpụkpọ ahụ na sclera, ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa nwere ike ịhụ itching akpụkpọ ahụ.
9.Reynolds (Renault) akara ise
Akwụsịghị mkpọrọgwụ okwute ahụ, ọzịza ahụ na-akawanye njọ, onye ọrịa na-ebute nsogbu uche na ujo dabere na Charcot's triad, nke a na-akpọ pentalogy Raynaud.
10.Kehr akara
Ọbara dị n'ime oghere afọ na-akpali diaphragm aka ekpe, na-akpata mgbu ubu aka ekpe, bụ nke a na-ahụkarị na mgbawa splenic.
11. Ihe ịrịba ama obturator (nnwale akwara internus obturator)
Onye ọrịa ahụ nọ n'ọnọdụ dị elu, na-agbanye aka nri na apata ụkwụ wee na-atụgharị n'ime ya, na-eme ka mgbu afọ dị ala nke ọma, nke a na-ahụ na appendicitis (ihe mgbakwunye dị nso na muscle internus obturator).
12. Akara Rovsing (nnwale onu oriri n'ọnụ)
Onye ọrịa ahụ nọ n'ọnọdụ dị ala, aka nri ya na-agbanye aka ekpe n'okpuru afọ aka ekpe na aka ekpe ya na-amanye eriri afọ dị nso, na-akpata mgbu n'akụkụ aka nri nke afọ, nke a na-ahụ na appendicitis.
13.X-ray barium mgbakasị ahụ
Barium na-egosi ihe mgbakasị ahụ na akụkụ eriri afọ na-arịa ọrịa, na-ekpochapụ ngwa ngwa na njuputa na-adịghị mma, ebe njuputa dị mma na akụkụ eriri afọ na elu. A na-akpọ nke a x-ray barium mgbakasị ahụ, nke a na-ahụkarị na ndị ọrịa nwere ụkwara nta nke eriri afọ ọnya. .
14. Ugboro abụọ halo akara / akara akara
N'oge ọrịa Crohn na-arụ ọrụ, CT enterography (CTE) na-emeziwanye na-egosi na mgbidi eriri afọ na-abawanye nke ọma, mucosa eriri afọ na-abawanye nke ọma, akụkụ nke mgbidi eriri afọ na-agbatị, na mgbanaka mucosal dị n'ime na mgbanaka serosa dị n'èzí na-abawanye nke ọma, na-egosi okpukpu abụọ. akara ma ọ bụ akara ebumnuche.
15. Akara osisi mbo
N'oge ọrịa Crohn na-arụ ọrụ, CT enterography (CTE) na-egosi mmụba nke arịa ọbara mesenteric, n'otu aka ahụ mụbara njupụta nke abụba mesenteric na blurring, yana mmụba nke lymph node mesenteric, na-egosi "akara mkpọ osisi".
16. Enterogenic azotemia
Mgbe nnukwu ọbara ọgbụgba na tract eriri afọ nke elu gasịrị, ngwaahịa mgbaze nke protein ọbara na-abanye n'ime eriri afọ, na ntinye nke urea nitrogen n'ime ọbara nwere ike ịbawanye nwa oge, nke a na-akpọ enterogenic azotemia.
17.Mallory-Weiss ọrịa
Isi ihe ngosipụta nke ọrịa ọrịa a bụ mmụba mberede na nrụgide intra-abdominal n'ihi ọgbụgbọ siri ike, ọgbụgbọ na ihe ndị ọzọ, nke na-ebute ogologo ogologo nke mucosa na submucosa nke obi obi dị anya na esophagus, si otú a na-ebute ọbara ọgbụgba nke eriri afọ. Isi ihe na-egosipụta bụ nnukwu hematemesis na mberede, nke na-ebute ya ugboro ugboro ma ọ bụ ịgba agbọ, nke a na-akpọkwa esophageal na cardia mucosal tear syndrome.
18. Ọrịa Zollinger-Ellison (gastrinoma, ọrịa Zollinger-66Ellison)
Ọ bụ ụdị etuto ahụ nke gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine nke nwere ọtụtụ ọnya, ebe a na-adịghị ahụkebe, nsogbu ọnya ọnya, na nzaghachi adịghị mma maka ọgwụ mgbochi ọnya mgbe niile. Ọrịa afọ ọsịsa, nnukwu secretion acid gastric, na ọkwa gastrin ọbara dị elu nwere ike ime. elu.
Gastrinomas na-adịkarị obere, ihe dịka 80% dị n'ime triangle "gastrinoma" (ya bụ, njikọ nke gallbladder na bile duct, akụkụ nke abụọ na nke atọ nke duodenum, na olu na ahụ nke pancreas). N'ime triangle guzobere site na nkwụsị), ihe karịrị 50% nke gastrinomas dị njọ, ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa enweela metastasized mgbe achọpụtara ya.
19. Ọrịa ọgbụgba
Mgbe obere gastrectomy gachara, n'ihi nkwụsị nke ọrụ nchịkwa nke pylorus, ihe ndị dị n'ime afọ na-ekpochapụ ngwa ngwa, na-ebute ọtụtụ mgbaàmà ahụike nke a na-akpọ dumping syndrome, nke na-emekarị na PII anastomosis. Dị ka oge mgbaàmà na-apụta mgbe erichara nri, a na-ekewa ya ụzọ abụọ: mmalite na mbubreyo.
● Ọrịa mbufụt nke mmalite: Mgbaàmà nke hypovolemia nwa oge dị ka obi mgbawa, ọsụsọ oyi, ike ọgwụgwụ, na akpụkpọ ahụ chara acha na-apụta ọkara awa mgbe erichara nri. Ọ na-esonyere ya na ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgbọ, afọ ọnya afọ, na afọ ọsịsa.
●Late dumping syndrome: na-apụta mgbe awa 2 ruo 4 gachara nri. Ihe mgbaàmà ndị bụ isi bụ isi ọwụwa, agba aja aja, ọsụsọ oyi, ike ọgwụgwụ, na obi mgbawa ngwa ngwa. Usoro bụ na mgbe nri batara n'ime eriri afọ, ọ na-akpali mmepụta insulin buru ibu, nke na-eduga n'ịmeghachi hypoglycemia. A na-akpọkwa ya hypoglycemia syndrome.
20. Absorptive dystrophy syndrome
Ọ bụ ọrịa a na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọgwụ nke ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ na-esighị ike n'ihi arụ ọrụ nke obere eriri afọ na-agbari ma na-amịkọrọ ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ, na-eme ka ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ ghara ịmịnye ya nke ọma ma wepụ ya na nsị. N'ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ na-egosipụtakarị dị ka afọ ọsịsa, dị gịrịgịrị, dị arọ, griiz na ihe mgbaàmà nnabata abụba ndị ọzọ, yabụ a na-akpọkwa ya steatorrhea.
21.PJ ọrịa (ọrịa polyposis pigmented, PJS)
Ọ bụ ọrịa ọrịa tumor na-adịghị ahụkebe nke a na-ahụ anya nke akpụkpọ ahụ na mucosal pigmentation, ọtụtụ polyps hamartomatous na tract gastrointestinal, yana ihe nwere ike ime.
PJS na-eme kemgbe ọ bụ nwata. Ka ndị ọrịa na-aka nká, polyps eriri afọ nke eriri afọ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-amụba ma na-amụba, na-akpata nsogbu dị iche iche, dị ka mgbakasị ahụ, mgbochi eriri afọ, ọbara ọgbụgba nke eriri afọ, ọrịa cancer, erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ, na mmepe nke ụmụaka.
22. Ọrịa ime akụkụ afọ
Nrụgide intra-abdominal nke onye nkịtị dị nso na nrụgide ikuku, 5 ruo 7 mmHg.
Intra-abdominal mgbali ≥12 mmHg bụ intra-abdominal ọbara mgbali elu, na intra-abdominal mgbali ≥20 mmHg na-esonyere akụkụ ọdịda metụtara intra-abdominal ọbara mgbali bụ abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).
Ngosipụta ụlọ ọgwụ: Onye ọrịa nwere nkụchi obi, mkpụmkpụ ume, ike iku ume, yana ọzịza obi. Ọkpụkpụ afọ na nnukwu esemokwu nwere ike jikọta ya na mgbu afọ, ụda eriri afọ na-ebelata ma ọ bụ na-apụ n'anya, wdg Hypercapnia (PaCO?> 50 mmHg) na oliguria (mpụta mmamịrị kwa elekere <0.5 mL / kg) nwere ike ime na mmalite nke ACS. Anuria, azotemia, iku ume iku ume na ọrịa obi mmepụta dị ala na-eme na ọkwa ikpeazụ.
23. Elu mesenteric artery syndrome
Amarakwa dị ka benign duodenal stasis na duodenal stasis, usoro mgbaàmà kpatara ọnọdụ adịghị mma nke akwara mesenteric dị elu na-akpakọ akụkụ kwụ ọtọ nke duodenum, na-ebute akụkụ ma ọ bụ nkwụsị zuru oke nke duodenum.
Ọ na-adịkarị na ụmụ nwanyị toro eto asthenic. Hiccups, ọgbụgbọ, na vomiting na-adịkarị. Akụkụ a ma ama nke ọrịa a bụ na mgbaàmà ahụ metụtara ọnọdụ ahụ. Mgbe a na-eji ọnọdụ dị elu mee ihe, mgbaàmà mkpakọ na-akawanye njọ, ebe ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mfe, ọnọdụ ikpere ikpere, ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ aka ekpe, enwere ike ịkwụsị mgbaàmà ahụ. .
24. Ọrịa loop kpuru ìsì
Ọrịa afọ ọsịsa, anaemia, malabsorption na mbelata ibu nke kpatara nkwụsị nke obere eriri afọ na oke ibu nke nje na lumen eriri afọ. A na-ahụkarị ya na nhazi nke loops ma ọ bụ akpa kpuru ìsì (ya bụ loops intestinal) mgbe gastrectomy na eriri afọ anastomosis gasịrị. Ma kpatara stasis.
25. Mkpirisi eriri afọ
Ọ pụtara na mgbe ọtụtụ obere eriri afọ resection ma ọ bụ mwepu n'ihi dị iche iche ihe, irè absorption ebe nke eriri afọ na-n'ụzọ dị irè belata, na ndị fọdụrụ ọtọ eriri afọ enweghị ike ịnọgide na-edozi nri nke onye ọrịa ma ọ bụ ibu mkpa nke nwa, na mgbaàmà dị ka afọ ọsịsa, acid-base / mmiri / electrolyte ọrịa, na syndromes na-achịkwa nsogbu nke absorption na metabolism nke dị iche iche nri.
26. Hepatorenal syndrome
Isi ihe ngosi ụlọ ọgwụ bụ oliguria, anuria na azotemia.
Akụrụ onye ọrịa enweghị nnukwu ọnya. N'ihi nnukwu ọbara mgbali elu portal na splanchnic hyperdynamic mgbasa, usoro ọbara na-ebelata nke ukwuu, na ihe dị iche iche nke vasodilator dị ka prostaglandins, nitric oxide, glucagon, atrial natriuretic peptide, endotoxin, na Calcium mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke peptides enweghị ike imeju site na imeju, na-eme ka ihe ndina vaskụla kwụsị; oke mmiri nke peritoneal nwere ike ime ka mmụba dị ukwuu na nrụgide intra-abdominal, nke nwere ike ibelata ọbara eruba, karịsịa renal cortex hypoperfusion, na-eduga na ọdịda akụrụ.
80% nke ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa na-aga n'ihu ngwa ngwa na-anwụ n'ime ihe dịka izu abụọ. Ụdị na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aga n'ihu na-adịkarị na ụlọ ọgwụ, na-egosipụtakarị na mgbawa afọ na-emegharị emegharị na usoro ọdịda akụrụ na-adịghị ngwa ngwa.
27. Hepatopulmonary syndrome
Na ndabere nke imeju cirrhosis, mgbe ewezuga isi ọrịa obi, dyspnea na ihe ịrịba ama nke hypoxia dị ka cyanosis na clubbing nke mkpịsị aka (mkpịsị aka) pụtara, nke metụtara intrapulmonary vasodilation na akwara ọbara oxygenation dysfunction, na prognosis adịghị mma.
28.Mirizi ọrịa
Olu gallbladder ma ọ bụ mmetụta nkume cystic duct, ma ọ bụ jikọtara ya na mbufụt gallbladder, nrụgide
Ọ na-eme site n'ịmanye ma ọ bụ na-emetụta eriri afọ imeju, na-eme ka anụ ahụ gbara ya gburugburu, mbufụt ma ọ bụ stenosis nke eriri afọ imeju, na-egosipụtakwa n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị ka usoro ọrịa ọrịa na-ahụ maka ọrịa jaundice obstructive, biliary colic ma ọ bụ cholangitis.
Ihe ndabere anatomical maka nguzobe ya bụ na duct cystic na ọnya ịba ọcha n'anya na-adị ogologo ogologo ọnụ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ njikọ nke eriri ahụ cystic na ọnya imeju nkịtị dị oke ala.
29.Budd-Chiari ọrịa
Ọrịa Budd-Chiari, nke a makwaara dị ka ọrịa Budd-Chiari, na-ezo aka na otu ọbara mgbali elu portal ma ọ bụ portal na usụhọde vena cava ọbara mgbali elu kpatara site na mgbochi nke akwara imeju ma ọ bụ vena cava dị ala n'elu oghere ya. ọrịa.
30.Caroli ọrịa
Mmụba nke cystic nke eriri afọ intrahepatic bile. Usoro ahụ edoghị anya. Ọ nwere ike ịdị ka cyst choledochal. Ọnọdụ cholangiocarcinoma karịrị nke ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu. Ngosipụta ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ bụ hepatomegaly na mgbu afọ, nke ka ukwuu dị ka biliary colic, nke gbagwojuru anya site na ọrịa bile duct nke nje. Ahụ ọkụ na jaundice na-adịte aka na-eme n'oge mbufụt, na ogo jaundice na-adịkarị nwayọọ.
31. Puborectal syndrome
Ọ bụ nsogbu ịsa ahụ n'ihi nkwụsị nke oghere pelvic n'ihi spasm ma ọ bụ hypertrophy nke mọzụlụ puborectalis.
32. Ọrịa pelvic
Ọ na-ezo aka na otu ọrịa ọrịa nke neuromuscular na-adịghị mma kpatara na akụkụ pelvic n'ala gụnyere ikensi, levator ani muscle, na mpụta sphincter anal. Isi ihe ngosi ụlọ ọgwụ bụ ihe isi ike na nsị ma ọ bụ nkwụsịtụ, yana nrụgide ala pelvic na mgbu. Ihe ndị a na-adịghị arụ ọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ na-agụnye ịsa ahụ siri ike, na mgbe ụfọdụ enweghị nkwụsị nke fecal. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ha na-egbu mgbu nke ukwuu.
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Oge nzipu: Sep-06-2024